{"id":10071,"date":"2023-06-23T16:52:28","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T14:52:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apnu.be\/?p=10071"},"modified":"2025-11-11T10:05:15","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T09:05:15","slug":"quelles-pistes-pour-combler-le-deficit-dans-laide-publique-au-developpement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apnu.be\/index.php\/2023\/06\/23\/quelles-pistes-pour-combler-le-deficit-dans-laide-publique-au-developpement\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelles pistes pour combler le d\u00e9ficit dans l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Focus sur le syst\u00e8me des Nations Unies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 13 juin 2023, \u00e0 la veille de la septi\u00e8me conf\u00e9rence de Bruxelles pour l\u2019avenir de la Syrie et de la r\u00e9gion, le Programme Alimentaire Mondial (PAM) a annonc\u00e9 la r\u00e9duction de ses op\u00e9rations en Syrie<\/a>, en raison de la baisse de moiti\u00e9 des financements disponibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette r\u00e9duction a lieu dans un contexte g\u00e9n\u00e9ral tendu et difficile pour l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement (APD). L\u2019OCDE rel\u00e8ve une augmentation de 56% du d\u00e9ficit de financement pour les ODD en 2020, soit 3.9 mille milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains (voir Global Outlook on Financing for Sustainable Development 2023<\/em><\/a>). Les Nations Unies estiment qu\u2019il faudrait entre 3000 et 5000 milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains par ann\u00e9e pour atteindre les objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable en 2030 (voir UNSG\u2019s Strategy For Financing the 2030 Agenda<\/em><\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur la p\u00e9riode de 2010 \u00e0 2020, les contributions des Etats membres au syst\u00e8me des Nations Unies ont augment\u00e9 (40 milliards en 2010 \u2013 63 milliards en 2020, voir : Fondation Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld, page 11<\/a>). Mais l\u2019augmentation des financements ne suit pas celle des besoins en aide humanitaire et au d\u00e9veloppement.. Besoins qui r\u00e9sultent en partie du conflit en Ukraine, des effets du changement climatique, d\u2019un environnement g\u00e9opolitique tendu et d\u2019une coop\u00e9ration internationale mise \u00e0 mal, qui ont d\u2019importantes r\u00e9percussions mondiales et frappent davantage les populations les plus vuln\u00e9rables. .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins importants en APD, le rapport de la Fondation Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld sur le financement du syst\u00e8me des NUs plaide pour une mise \u00e0 jour de l\u2019organisation des syst\u00e8mes de financement. Le rapport avance ainsi plusieurs pistes de r\u00e9flexions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tout d\u2019abord, il propose une r\u00e9vision de la fa\u00e7on dont les \u00c9tats membres r\u00e9partissent leurs contributions volontaires aux fonds et programmes de l\u2019ONU, qui devrait privil\u00e9gier le \u2018core funding<\/em>\u2019 (contributions de base, non affect\u00e9es). Les chiffres de 2020 indiquent en effet que sur la totalit\u00e9 des financements (toutes ressources confondues) re\u00e7us par les NU, une grande partie d\u2019entre eux (62%) sont des ressources affect\u00e9es (\u2018earmarked funding\u2019<\/em>), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 des programmes ou projets sp\u00e9cifiques s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s par les donateurs (voir figure 1, note : \u2018assessed contributions sont les contributions obligatoires des \u00c9tats).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Figure 1: Extrait du rapport annuel sur le financement du syst\u00e8me des NUs, produit par la Fondation Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld (page 13)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les ressources qui ne sont pas pr\u00e9-affect\u00e9es sont pourtant essentielles \u00e0 la bonne r\u00e9alisation des mandats des entit\u00e9s des NU. Elles garantissent \u00e0 la fois flexibilit\u00e9 et impartialit\u00e9, ainsi qu\u2019une plus grande capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation et donc une meilleure r\u00e9ponse aux crises Plusieurs entit\u00e9s des NU ont notamment mesur\u00e9 et expliqu\u00e9 comment ces ressources r\u00e9guli\u00e8res constituent une contribution hautement qualitative \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de leurs mandats (par exemple : UNICEF<\/a>, PNUD<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La seconde piste \u00e9voqu\u00e9e est un recours plus important \u00e0 l\u2019instrument des financements communs (pooled funding<\/em>) tels que le CBPF<\/a> (Country-Based Pooled Funds) et le CERF<\/a> (Central Emergency Response Fund) de l\u2019OCHA<\/a>. Compar\u00e9s aux financements affect\u00e9s, les financements communs permettent \u00e9galement davantage de flexibilit\u00e9 d\u2019utilisation, ainsi qu\u2019une r\u00e9ponse plus agile et rapide face \u00e0 des contextes (en l\u2019occurence humanitaires) en mutation permanente (voir \u2018Introduction to Humanitarian Pooled Funding\u2019 par M. Griffiths, page 123<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une troisi\u00e8me piste est le renforcement de la coop\u00e9ration et le d\u00e9veloppement de synergies entre les entit\u00e9s des NU et les Institutions Financi\u00e8res Internationales (IFI). En 2020, ces derni\u00e8res n\u2019\u00e9taient \u00e0 l\u2019origine que de 1% des financements au syst\u00e8me des NUs (Fondation Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld, page 14<\/a>). A l\u2019image des collaborations (en termes financiers et op\u00e9rationnels) existant entre le PNUD et la Banque allemande de d\u00e9veloppement (KfW), ou la Banque Mondiale (voir p.45<\/a>), les autres entit\u00e9s des NU trouveraient un potentiel de solutions, encore peu exploit\u00e9, dans une collaboration accrue avec les IFIs (voir Ulrika Mod\u00e9er & Steve Utterwulghe<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfin le rapport \u00e9voque \u00e9galement d\u2019autres pistes de r\u00e9flexions importantes pour les \u00c9tats membres, telles que l\u2019\u00e9limination des barri\u00e8res au financement international, le renforcement de la coop\u00e9ration multilat\u00e9rale et une r\u00e9flexion sur les liens existant entre la dette publique et le d\u00e9veloppement durable, surtout dans les pays les moins avanc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par No\u00e9 Petitjean, membre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe de l\u2019APNU Jeunes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 13 juin 2023, \u00e0 la veille de la septi\u00e8me conf\u00e9rence de Bruxelles pour l\u2019avenir de la Syrie et de la r\u00e9gion, le Programme Alimentaire Mondial (PAM) a annonc\u00e9 la r\u00e9duction de ses op\u00e9rations en Syrie, en raison de la baisse de moiti\u00e9 des financements disponibles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10073,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[169,118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apnu-jeunes","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"\nQuelles pistes pour combler le d\u00e9ficit dans l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement ? - APNU<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/apnu.be\/index.php\/2023\/06\/23\/quelles-pistes-pour-combler-le-deficit-dans-laide-publique-au-developpement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quelles pistes pour combler le d\u00e9ficit dans l\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement ? 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