{"id":10007,"date":"2023-04-30T18:12:57","date_gmt":"2023-04-30T16:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apnu.be\/?p=10007"},"modified":"2025-11-11T10:11:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T09:11:37","slug":"le-role-des-nations-unies-dans-le-conflit-du-tigre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apnu.be\/index.php\/2023\/04\/30\/le-role-des-nations-unies-dans-le-conflit-du-tigre\/","title":{"rendered":"Le r\u00f4le des Nations Unies dans le conflit du Tigr\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Alors que la guerre en Ukraine a suscit\u00e9 une attention m\u00e9diatique et politique aux quatre coins du monde, le conflit arm\u00e9 entre le gouvernement Ethiopien et les dirigeants de la r\u00e9gion du Tigr\u00e9 qui a frapp\u00e9 le Nord de l\u2019\u00c9thiopie le 3 novembre 2020, entrainant une violence g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e qui a conduit \u00e0 d\u2019innombrables attaques, pillages et massacres contre les civils, et notamment des actes de torture, de d\u00e9tentions arbitraires et le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de 2 millions de personnes<\/a>, et qualifi\u00e9 de pire catastrophe humanitaire caus\u00e9e par l\u2019homme sur Terre<\/a>  par Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019OMS, a re\u00e7u relativement peu d\u2019attention m\u00e9diatique et diplomatique<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Face \u00e0 ce manque d\u2019attention internationale pr\u00e9occupant, nombreux sont les dirigeants africains qui ont d\u00e9plor\u00e9 le manque de solidarit\u00e9 de la communaut\u00e9 internationale, rappelant l\u2019importance d\u2019actions conjointes dans la r\u00e9solution pacifique et durable des conflits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que le Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a> de l\u2019ONU ait lanc\u00e9 un appel encourageant la cessation des hostilit\u00e9s par la n\u00e9gociation d\u2019un cessez-le-feu, ce dernier s\u2019est retrouv\u00e9 dans l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 d\u2019adopter une position commune sur le conflit. En r\u00e9action, sous la coordination de l\u2019organisation \u2018Atrocities Watch Africa<\/a>\u2019, 12 groupes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile Africaine ont publi\u00e9 une  lettre, destin\u00e9e au Secr\u00e9taire G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019ONU, alarmant sur \u201cLe risque de G\u00e9nocide en Ethiopie\u201d<\/a>, dessinant ainsi un parall\u00e8le avec l\u2019inaction du Conseil<\/a> de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019ONU 28 ans plus t\u00f4t vis-\u00e0-vis du g\u00e9nocide au Rwanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Palliant l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 du Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 agir, le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l’ONU, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, a appel\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin de toutes les hostilit\u00e9s et \u00e0 la protection des civils d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du conflit. Le 4 novembre 2020, le Haut Commissariat des Droits de l\u2019Homme (HCDH) et la Commission Ethiopienne des Droits de l\u2019Homme (EHRC) surveillant de pr\u00e8s la situation, ont exprim\u00e9 leurs inqui\u00e9tudes face \u00e0 l\u2019observation d\u2019importantes violations des droits humains et l\u2019impact d\u00e9vastateur du conflit sur les populations civiles. Les r\u00e9sultats de leur enqu\u00eate<\/a> partag\u00e9s un an apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des hostilit\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e8lent en effet une importante souffrance civile, une impunit\u00e9 omnipr\u00e9sente ainsi que de nombreuses violations graves des droits humains et du droit International Humanitaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins humanitaires importants et urgents<\/a> de la r\u00e9gion, plusieurs entit\u00e9s des Nations Unies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es sur le terrain. Le Haut Commissariat pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (HCR) a \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9<\/a> pour acheminer des provisions d\u2019eau, des abris d\u2019urgences, des services de sant\u00e9 ainsi que des objets essentiels tels que des couvertures, des matelas, et des produits d’hygi\u00e8ne malgr\u00e9 des difficult\u00e9s importantes dans l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019aide humanitaire<\/a> vers les camps de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Le Programme alimentaire mondial (PAM) a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 actif dans les r\u00e9gions d\u2019Afar et d\u2019Amhara<\/a> ainsi qu\u2019au Tigr\u00e9 d\u00e8s octobre 2021 pour la livraison d\u2019un convoi humanitaire<\/a>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En parall\u00e8le \u00e0 l\u2019aide mat\u00e9rielle, les Nations Unies ont soutenu la promotion de conditions favorables \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un processus de dialogue national inclusif. Les efforts cons\u00e9quents de l\u2019Union Africaine (UA) qui a \u0153uvr\u00e9 pour apporter les fondations de la paix en Ethiopie  ont permis la signature du \u2018<\/em>Pacte de Pretoria<\/em><\/a>\u2019<\/em> le 2 novembre 2022 marquant une fin (fragile) des hostilit\u00e9s et ouvrant la voie \u00e0 l\u2019acheminement d\u2019une aide humanitaire visant \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins les plus pressants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon l\u2019analyste principal de Crisis Group<\/em> pour l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, William Davison<\/a>, ce processus de paix va faire face \u00e0 d\u2019\u00e9normes d\u00e9fis, mais si les deux parties de la direction f\u00e9d\u00e9rale et du Tigr\u00e9 maintiennent leur engagement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des n\u00e9gociations et, finalement, de la paix, il peut \u00eatre couronn\u00e9 de succ\u00e8s. Compte tenu de la fragilit\u00e9 \u00e9vidente des processus de paix, il est n\u00e9cessaire que la communaut\u00e9 internationale reste attentive aux d\u00e9veloppements dans cette r\u00e9gion cl\u00e9 du pays dont la stabilit\u00e9 a des implications importantes pour la paix sur l’ensemble de l\u2019\u00c9thiopie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edwina Seni et No\u00e9 Petitjean, APNU Jeunes<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u2019apr\u00e8s le Conseil norv\u00e9gien pour les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, \u00ab la guerre en Ukraine a mis en \u00e9vidence l\u2019immense foss\u00e9 entre ce qui est possible lorsque la communaut\u00e9 internationale se rallie derri\u00e8re une crise et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 quotidienne des millions de personnes qui souffrent loin des projecteurs. \u00bb En effet, alors que la situation en Ukraine a suscit\u00e9 une attention m\u00e9diatique et diplomatique aux quatre coins du monde, nombreux sont les dirigeants africains qui ont d\u00e9plor\u00e9 le manque de solidarit\u00e9 de la communaut\u00e9 internationale au sujet des guerres qui font rage sur leur continent. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10010,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[181],"class_list":["post-10007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-conflit"],"yoast_head":"\nLe r\u00f4le des Nations Unies dans le conflit du Tigr\u00e9 - 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